Pengaruh Senam Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Gula Darah Pada Individu Dengan Faktor Risiko Stroke: A Systematic Literature Review

Abdurahman Berbudi B L

Pengaruh Senam Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Gula Darah Pada Individu Dengan Faktor Risiko Stroke: A Systematic Literature Review

Abdurahman Berbudi B L

Keywords: Keywords: gymnastics, physical exercise, blood glucose, stroke risk factors, systematic literature review.

Abstract

Background & Objective: Diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia are major risk factors for stroke. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of gymnastics and exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention in reducing blood sugar levels among individuals at risk of stroke through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach.Methods: Guided by the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a literature search (for the 2022–2026 period) was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, PEDro, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases. The included articles comprised randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental, and cohort studies. The quality of the articles was assessed using the PEDro Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tool.Results: Various forms of gymnastics (such as aerobic, elderly, and diabetes gymnastics) were shown to significantly reduce fasting blood glucose, random blood glucose, and HbA1c levels. The most recommended training protocol is 3–5 times a week, for 30–60 minutes per session, over an 8–12 week period. Exercise also contributed to increased insulin sensitivity and aerobic capacity, while reducing other stroke risk factors like hypertension and obesity.Conclusion: Gymnastics is an effective non-pharmacological intervention for glycemic control and mitigating cardiovascular risk. Routine gymnastics and exercise are highly recommended as a primary strategy for stroke prevention.

References

1. Billinger, S. A., Arena, R., Bernhardt, J., Eng, J. J., Franklin, B. A., Johnson, C. M., MacKay-Lyons, M., Macko, R. F., Mead, G. E., Roth, E. J., Shaughnessy, M., & Tang, A. (2014). Physical activity and exercise recommendations for stroke survivors: A statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke, 45, 2532–2553. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000022.
2. Amini Najafabadi, B., Keshavarz, S., Asgary, S., & Azarbarzin, M. (2020). The 8-week aerobic exercise improves blood sugar, HbA1c and lipid profile in women with type 2 diabetes: A Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial. Jorjani Biomedicine Journal, 8(3), 44–57.
3. Cahyani, I., Kurniawan, G. P. D., & Nasirudin, Y. (2024). Pengaruh latihan aerobik terhadap gula darah puasa sebagai faktor risiko stroke.
4. Chen, et al. (2026). The Effect of Different Exercise Interventions on Global Cognitive Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. (Network Meta-analysis).
5. Harmon, et al. (2025). Safety and Benefits of Moderate to High Intensity Aerobic Exercise During the Subacute Phase of Stroke. (Systematic Review & Meta-analysis).
6. Jeong, W. (2025). Effect of regular exercise on stroke prevention: an instrumental variables approach. BMC Public Health, 25, 1167. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22298-y.
7. Jiang, C., Chen, T., Xiang, J., & Pang, Y. (2024). Association between physical activity levels and stroke risk among Chinese adults aged 45 and over based on CHARLS. Scientific Reports, 14, 31739. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81919-5.
8. Johnson, et al. (2026). From Stroke to Strength: The Role of Exercise in Managing Hypertension and Lipid Profiles. (Systematic Review).
9. Martinez, et al. (2022). High-Intensity Interval Exercise versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Responses. (Systematic Review & Meta-analysis).
10. Michielsen, et al. (2026). The Effect of Exercise Characteristics on HbA1c and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. (Systematic Review & Meta-analysis).
11. Moran, et al. (2024). Elucidating the Role of Physical Exercises in Alleviating Stroke-Associated Homeostatic Dysregulation. (Systematic Review & Meta-analysis).
12. Patel, et al. (2026). Optimizing Physical Activity Bouts to Interrupt Sedentary Behaviour for Cardiometabolic Health. (Systematic Review & Meta-analysis).
13. Rietz, et al. (2022). Physical Activity and Risk of Major Diabetes-Related Complications in Individuals with Diabetes. (Systematic Review & Meta-analysis).
14. Siregar, A. S., Ginting, R., Leslie, W., Putri, N. N., Hutabarat, B. N., & Syahputra, A. D. (2025). The effect of physical exercise on blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima, 4(1), 41–45. https://doi.org/10.34012/bkkp.v4i1.6583.
15. Smith, & Lee. (2026). Does Resistance Training Alone or in Combination with Aerobic Training Improve Vascular Function Indices in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes? (Systematic Review & Meta-analysis).
16. Wang, et al. (2026). Effects of Exercise-based Cardiac Rehabilitation for Coronary Heart Disease Combined with Diabetes Mellitus. (Systematic Review & Meta-analysis).

Published

2026-07-31

How to Cite

B L, A. B. (2026). Pengaruh Senam Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Gula Darah Pada Individu Dengan Faktor Risiko Stroke: A Systematic Literature Review. Jurnal Fisioterapi Dan Kesehatan Indonesia, 6(01), 91-105. Retrieved from https://www.physiohealthjournal.org/jfki/article/view/519

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Personal Servers. Authors and/or their employers shall have the right to post the accepted version of articles pre-print version of the article, or revised personal version of the final text of the article (to reflect changes made in the peer review and editing process) on their own personal servers or the servers of their institutions or employers without permission from RCEPM-LIPI, provided that the posted version includes a prominently displayed RCEPM-LIPI copyright notice and, when published, a full citation to the original publication, including a link to the article abstract in the journal homepage. Authors shall not post the final, published versions of their papers;
Classroom or Internal Training Use. An author is expressly permitted to post any portion of the accepted version of his/her own articles on the author’s personal web site or the servers of the author’s institution or company in connection with the author’s teaching, training, or work responsibilities, provided that the appropriate copyright, credit, and reuse notices appear prominently with the posted material. Examples of permitted uses are lecture materials, course packs, e-reserves, conference presentations, or in-house training courses;
Electronic Preprints. Before submitting an article to an MEV Journal, authors frequently post their manuscripts to their own web site, their employer’s site, or to another server that invites constructive comment from colleagues. Upon submission of an article to MEV Journal, an author is required to transfer copyright in the article to RCEPM-LIPI, and the author must update any previously posted version of the article with a prominently displayed RCEPM-LIPI copyright notice. Upon publication of an article by the RCEPM-LIPI, the author must replace any previously posted electronic versions of the article with either (1) the full citation to the work with a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) or link to the article abstract in MEV journal homepage, or (2) the accepted version only (not the final, published version), including the RCEPM-LIPI copyright notice and full citation, with a link to the final, published article in journal homepage.

4. Articles in Press (AiP) service

RCEPM-LIPI may choose to publish an abstract or portions of the paper before we publish it in the journal. Please contact our Production department immediately if you do not want us to make any such prior publication for any reason, including disclosure of a patentable invention.

5. Author/Employer Rights

If you are employed and prepared the article on a subject within the scope of your employment, the copyright in the article belongs to your employer as a work-for-hire. In that case, RCEPM-LIPI assumes that when you sign this Form, you are authorized to do so by your employer and that your employer has consented to the transfer of copyright, to the representation and warranty of publication rights, and to all other terms and conditions of this Form. If such authorization and consent has not been given to you, an authorized representative of your employer should sign this Form as the Author.

6. RCEPM-LIPI Copyright Ownership

It is the formal policy of RCEPM-LIPI to own the copyrights to all copyrightable material in its technical publications and to the individual contributions contained therein, in order to protect the interests of the RCEPM-LIPI, its authors and their employers, and, at the same time, to facilitate the appropriate re-use of this material by others. RCEPM-LIPI distributes its technical publications throughout the world and does so by various means such as hard copy, microfiche, microfilm, and electronic media. It also abstracts and may translate its publications, and articles contained therein, for inclusion in various compendiums, collective works, databases and similar publications

Every accepted manuscript should be accompanied by "Copyright Transfer Agreement" prior to the article publication.